Esophagus

27-04-2021

The images of pathological esophagus (translation)

The images of abnormal esophagus are detected by endoscopy mostly related to specific pathology. In which, a common disease is gastroesophageal reflux (GER), especially in children with breast feeding. This disease can lead to ulcerative esophagus, even esophageal...

27-04-2021

Esophageal and cardia dilatation (translation)

Phan Thi Hien, "Esophagus-stomach-duodenum endoscopy in children", Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, Jan 2019 (page 125-137). Extract from specialty book: “NỘI SOI THỰC QUẢN – DẠ DÀY – TÁ TRÀNG TRẺ EM”, Nhà xuất...

23-01-2021

Management of bleeding without esophageal varices (translation)

Phan Thi Hien, "Esophagus-stomach-duodenum endoscopy in children";, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, Jan 2019 (page 151-163). Extract from specialty book: “NỘI SOI THỰC QUẢN – DẠ DÀY – TÁ TRÀNG TRẺ EM”, Nhà xuất...

03-05-2021

Normal esophagus

Z-line: The junction between the pale esophageal and richer colored gastric mucosa is slightly irregular. It is located at the level or within 2cm above the hiatal notch.

04-05-2021

Cytomegalovirus esophagitis

Lesion: Esophageal ulceration and vasculitis caused by CMV infection at multiple sites Biopsy: ≥ 10 specimens from the base of the ulcer. ∆+: Histology identification of CMV by immunohistochemical and direct fluorescence...

29-04-2021

Zenker's diverticulum (zd)

Lesion: Sac-like outpouching of the mucosa and submucosa layers located dorsally at the pharyngoesophageal

03-05-2021

Esophageal webs

Lesion: Smooth, circumferential ring of squamous mucosa, which can be located anywhere along the esophagus

03-05-2021

Gastric inlet patches in esophagus (heteropic gastric mucosa of the proximal esophagus)

Lesion: salmon-colored patch of mucosa in the proximal esophagus, just below the upper esophageal sphincter. This is an island of heterotopic gastric mucosa, appears distinct from the surrounding squamous mucosa, which has a silvery color*, with 0,8cm...

03-05-2021

Esophageal glycoenic acanthosis

Lesion: in the distal esophagus, as characterized by multiple small, raised pale nodules, generally benign mucosal lesions

03-05-2021

Benign and malignant esophageal tumors

Squamous papilloma: verrucous papillated shape Leiomyoma: polypoid lesions

03-05-2021

Esophageal varices and sarin's classification for gastric varices

Grade 1: Varices disappear with air insufflation Grade 2: Non-confluent varices remain identical with air insufflation

03-05-2021

Mallory - weiss tear

Lesion: Bleeding from a laceration in the mucosa at the junction of the stomach and esophagus

03-05-2021

Typical findings of primary esophageal achalasia

(a) Dilation of the esophagus. Dilated esophagus drooped to both sides of the spine. (b) Food remnant in the esophagus (c) Whitish coating of the mucosa caused by adhesion of the remained food inside of the...

03-05-2021

Esophageal stenosis

Lesion: Esophageal stenosis (1mm of diameter) at 4cm from upper sphincter and 13cm from front teeth, straight shaft, no oedema, no diverticula, no fistula in the boy 2-year-old operated esophagael astresia

03-05-2021

Zagar classification for corrosive ingestion

(A) Grade 1 indicates only slight swelling and redness of the mucosa. (B) Grade 2A indicates the presence of superficial ulcers, bleeding, and exudates. (C) Grade 2B indicates local or encircling deep...

03-05-2021

Classification of herpes esophagitis of itoh

Type 1: The middle and lower thirds of the esophagus: Small, punched-out lesions with raised margins; a slightly yellowish color and fibrin exudation at the center of lesions Type 2: The middle and lower thirds of the esophagus:...

03-05-2021

The severity of esophageal candidiasis (ce) according to kodsi's classification

Grade I: a few raised white plaques up to 2 mm in size without edema or ulceration Grade II: multiple raised white plaques greater than 2 mm in size without ulceration Grade III: confluent, linear,...

03-05-2021

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Lesion: 1/2 under the esophagus, longitudinal furrowing/shearing and the “crêpe paper” Alberto Ravelli, Practical pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopyractical, 2012